ttt.snorhagen.no
Analytical Framework · Teacher Education Research · Professional Digital Competence
T T T Model
Technology Trace TPACK Analysis TIM Evaluation
A Three-Step Approach to Tracing Professional Digital Competence in Teacher Education Coursework
Sigrun Lindaas Norhagen  ·  NLA University College, Norway  ·  sigrun.norhagen@nla.no
135
coursework assignments analysed
37
digital assignments
11 subjects · 10 semesters · NLA University College
Why it matters

PDC is a central policy aim in teacher education across Europe — yet how it manifests in students' actual learning activities remains largely invisible to programme leaders and quality assurance teams. The TTT model makes it visible: a replicable, three-step method any institution can apply to its own coursework.

T
Step 1 · Technology Trace
Tech or Not?
Binary filter
Is technology explicitly required as part of the pedagogical activity — not merely for submission?

Each assignment is reviewed against a structured inclusion/exclusion table. The key distinction: technology integrated into the learning task itself versus technology used only to submit the assignment.

T
Step 2 · TPACK Analysis
How is tech integrated?
Mishra & Koehler, 2006
How are Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge integrated in the design of the assignment?

Each digital assignment is scored across three TPACK dimensions on a 0–3 scale (max 9 pts). Results are visualised as radar diagrams enabling cross-subject profile comparison.

T
Step 3 · TIM Evaluation
How deep does it go?
Welsh & Harmes, 2021
Does technology enable genuine cognitive engagement — or does it remain a superficial add-on?

Each digital assignment is classified along five TIM levels — from Entry (passive tool use) to Transformation (technology reshaping learning). TIM captures what the student is actually asked to do.

How to use this model

1

Collect your coursework descriptions. Retrieve all mandatory coursework (arbeidskrav) descriptions from your study programme — typically available in course syllabi or LMS.

2

Apply the Technology Trace. Use the inclusion/exclusion table (Step 1) to identify which assignments explicitly integrate digital technology into the learning activity itself.

3

Score with TPACK and TIM. For each digital assignment, score TPACK dimensions (0–3) and assign a TIM level. Custom AI tools are available to support this step — contact the author for access.